Page 2 certificate this is to certify that the thesis on biodegradation of phenol by bacterial strain isolated from paper sludge is submitted by manju lata 109ch0508 to national. Biodegradation of polystyrene, polymetnyl methacrylate, and. Review article recent advances in the biodegradation of. Microbial degradation of phenol by an application of pseudomonas. Biodegradation of phenol in seawater using bacteria isolated. The removal of phenolic compounds in effluents is major problem in industries. In the present study, we have enriched and characterized a phenol degrading halophilic bacterial consortium from saline environment to degrade phenolic compounds at wide. High exposures to phenol may be fatal to human beings. The frequency histogram for the published mineralization rate constant values of. Wastewater treatment also accelerates natural forces of biodegradation. Biodegradation studies were conducted for a period of 30 days using pure soil fungal and bacterial cultures. Phenol increased the cell concentration and therefore the degradation efficiency of 4chlorophenol was improved.
The environmental factors affecting phenol degradation. The residual phenol at equal intervals of 24 h was analyzed by hplc with uv visible detector operating at 270 nm in a c18 column with. The bacterial strain was immobilized in alginate beads and its phenol degradation efficiency was observed to increase many fold. A comparative study with and without applying magnetic fields. Phenol, a major pollutant in several industrial waste waters is often used as a model compound for studies on biodegradation. The phenol biodegradation rate as well as the biomass increased as the inoculum size increased whereas, the lag phase dropped fig. Biodegradation of phenol at high organic loads in a newly. Phenol has a property of bactericidal effect but many microorganisms possess catabolic genes that involved in the phenol biodegradation 7. Whiterot fungi demonstrate first biodegradation of phenolic.
Phenol 108952 hazard summary exposure to phenol may occur from the use of some medicinal products including throat lozenges and ointments. Degradation of more then 80% from 4 to 14 mm phenol occurred in less then 96 h, 70% of 16 and 52% of 18 mm in less then 120 h, and 20% of 20 mm in 120 h. Phenol poisoning can occur by skin absorption, inhalation, ingestion and various other methods which can result in health effects. The consortia effectively degraded 100% of added phenol within 4 days at haloalkaline conditions 4% nacl, ph 10. The isolation of microorganisms capable of phenol degradation.
For example, phenol contamination near fisheries may taint the flavor of fish at concentra tions as low as one ppm 6. Effect of phenol concentration, ph, incubation temperature and agitation rate the effect of the different substrate concentrations 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 700, 800, 900 and ppm on the phenol degradation by e. Chemical identity, physical and chemical properties of phenol phenol, c 6 h 5 oh or hydroxybenzene, is an aromatic molecule containing hydroxyl group attached to the benzene ring structure. Phenol biodegradation in a batch reactor using a pure culture of pseudomonas putida dsm 548 was studied. In the present study, the removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor with up flow sludge blanket filtration fusbf in comparison with a typical usbf system.
You can taste and smell phenol at levels lower than those that are associated with harmful effects. Pseudomonas testosteroni cpw301 degraded phenol and 4chlorophenol simultaneously, but degradation rates of these compounds were affected by 4chlorophenol. These compounds are made by synthetic organic chemicals and are stranger to the biosphere. Phenol is a typical organic contaminant in the environment.
Biodegradation efficiency of functionally important populations. Present study is aimed at biodegradation of phenol using pure and mixed culture bacteria. Degradation of phenol and phenolic compounds by a defined. Pdf biodegradation of phenol in refinery wastewater by. Phenol is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans after acute. Department of chemical engineering biotechnology, college of engineering, andhra university, visakhapantam 530 003, andhra pradesh, india. A total of 853 entries cover 143 different chemicals. Phenol biodegradation by acinetobacter calcoaceticus pa. In addition, hybrid anoxic and aerobic reactors are applied for predenitrification. Phenol biodegradation by rhodococcus coprophilus isolated from semi arid soil samples of pali, rajasthan.
Phenol biodegradation by free and immobilized acinetobacter. Yeast extract supplied as additional substrate significantly enhanced the phenol biodegradation at higher salt concentrations. Phenol was the sole carbon source for growth of microorganisms and formation of biofilm. The paper presents the main results obtained from the study of phenol biodegradation process by pure culture of microbacterium terregenes soil collected from oil field. Enzyme and microbial technology 39 2006 10361041 biodegradation of high amounts of phenol, catechol, 2,4dichlorophenol and 2,6dimethoxyphenol by aspergillus awamori cells ivanka stoilovaa, albert krastanova. Enhanced biodegradation of phenol in a novel cyclic. Accumulation of phenol creates toxicity both for flora and fauna. Twenty samples of marine creatures were collected, and bacteria in their intestinal contents were incubated in an artificial seawater agar medium containing phenol. Among these, phenols are considered to be pollutants. Biological degradation of xenobiotics biotech articles. Whiterot fungi demonstrate first biodegradation of phenolic resin adam c. Biodegradation rate of phenol as a function of initial phenol concentration.
The biomass growth was analyzed at equal intervals of 24 h by carrying out dry weight analysis. Phenol is highly toxic and carcinogenic compound and its biodegradation is very important to meet the environmental regulations. When the starting mycelium concentration was 3 g myceliumflaskwet weight, the time needed for full phenol degrading decreased and the phenol tolerance and biodegradation rate increased. Phenol concentrations higher than 800 mgl inhibited both phenol degradation and crvi reduction. Biodegradation of phenol using pure and mixed culture bacteria vr sankar cheela1, g.
Biodegradation of phenol with chromium vi reduction by. A selected, gram positive, bacterial strain so isolated, has been used to study biodegradation of phenol in shake flask culture. Njit biotechnology laboratory, department of chemical engineering, chemistry, and environmental science, new jersey institute of technology, newark, new jersey 07102, usa. Free phenols are frequently liberated as metabolic intermediates during the degradation of plant. They accumulate in the environment and cause harmful effects on the living system. Phenol biodegradation by halophilic archaea pdf free. The phenoldegradation characteristics and biomass of a. Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized cells of strain nbm11. For the bioremediation of pollutants in seawater, the degradation of phenol using novel marine bacteria isolated from the intestinal contents of marine creatures was investigated. Environmental services industry biodegradation methods technology application bioremediation catechin enzymes metabolites mycobacteria. Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized cells of a novel pseudomonas sp. Anoxic and aerobic reactors are used for denitrification and removal of organic matters. Tiwari3 1department of biological and environmental science, n. Rajasthan, india, report by international journal of applied environmental sciences.
This is to certify that the thesis on biodegradation of phenol by bacterial strain isolated from paper sludge is submitted by manju lata 109ch0508 to national institute of technology, rourkela under my supervision and is worthy for the partial fulfillment of the degree of bachelor of technology chemical. The phenol degrading staphylococcus aureus strain was also isolated by butani et al. The eukaryotic alga ochromonas danica, a nutritionally versatile, mixotrophic chrysophyte, grew on phenol as the sole carbon source in axenic culture and removed the phenol carbon from the growth medium. Biodegradation of phenol by a moderately halophilic. Hence the use of immobilized microbial consortium isolated from. The objective was to explore the use of innovative onsite technologies as an alternative to the transportation and offsite disposal of soil. Biodegradation of phenol by a novel diatom bd1iitgkinetics. Biodegradation of phenol by bacteria strain acinetobacter calcoaceticus pa isolated from phenolic wastewater zhenghui liu 1,2, wenyu xie 1,2, dehao li 1,2, yang peng 1, zesheng li 2 and shusi liu 1 1 department of environmental engineering, school of environmental and biological engineering. Many aerobic phenol degrading microorganisms have been isolated and the pathways for the aerobic degradation of phenol are now firmly established. Biodegradation of phenol by bacteria strain acinetobacter. The complete phenol degradation was achieved after incubation for 24 h. The frequency histogram for the published primary biodegradation rate constant values of phenol. The frequency histogram for the published mineralization rate constant values of phenol.
Biolog file of the environmental fate data base efdb howard et. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. A great number of studies have been conducted to assess the biodegradation of phenol by microorganisms including bacteria. Journal of environmental biology may, 2010 biodegradation of phenol by native microorganisms isolated from coke processing wastewater s. Since phenol is toxic and cause pollution, it must be removed from the environment. Dallas aronson mario citra kirsten shuler heather printup philip h. With the degradation of malathion and cypermethrin studied by other researchers previously, this strain was able to degrade phenol. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. The present investigation was under taken to assess the biodegradation of phenol by native bacterial strain from effluent from phenol contaminated site of amla khadi, ankleshwar. Degradation of phenol occurs as a result of the activity of a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. This article elucidates that strain pseudomonas aeruginosa iesps1 is a versatile toxic organic compound degrader. The pcrdgge analysis documents the differences between before. Pdf biodegradation of phenol via meta cleavage pathway.
The microbe was subjected to varied initial phenol concentration of 250 mgl to 1250 mgl. Phenol may remain in air, water, and soil for much longer periods if it is. Src tr 99002 final report aerobic biodegradation of organic chemicals in environmental media. The phenol degradation ability of the diatom was analyzed in the phenol concentration range of 50250 mgl. Jayachandran and shankar shashidhar school of biosciences, m. Degradation of phenolic compounds using coculture microbial species along with individual specimens was studied. Application of bioremediation techniques immobilisation of microbes in the treatment of wastewater gained significance recently since they do not generate secondary pollutants. Subbarao2 1department of civil engineering, mvgr college of engineering, chintalavalasa, vizianagaram535002, andhra pradesh, india.
Monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and phenol btxp represent an important class of environmental contaminants because of their recognized toxicity to different organisms. Bioscience research print issn 18119506 online issn 22183973. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 499k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Hellal national polytechnic school, environmental engineering department, laboratory of sciences and environmental techniques. Modelling of phenol biodegradation using mixed microbial. Abstract phenol is highly toxic and carcinogenic compound and its biodegradation is very important to meet the environmental regulations. The biomass growth and the removal efficiency for both cultures have been established. Pdf biodegradation of phenol in synthetic wastewater. The culture was capable of degrading high concentrations of phenol up.
Enhancement of phenol biodegradation by south magnetic field exposure. Biodegradation of phenol and chlorophenols with defined. Biodegradation of phenol by microbacterium terregenes. Biodegradation of phenol adsorbed on soil in the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ywetta maleterova institute of chemical process fundamentals of the cas, v.
Biodegradation was monitored by weight loss in case fungal culture and by optical density. The batch biodegradation study of the strain was carried out in mineral salt media containing phenol as the sole source of carbon. Review biodegradation or metabolism of bisphenol a. Alternatively, the biodegradation of phenols is an environmentally friendly. A summary of field and laboratory studies prepared by. Pcr detection of genotypes involved in bacterial phenol degradation. Biodegradation default halflife values in the light of. Phenol biodegradation by corynebacterium glutamicum. The poly carb site had phenol and cresolscontaminated soil.
Shake flask tests with geneticallyenhanced microorganisms appeared promising to biodegrade soilbound phenol and cresols. Biodegradation of phenol by a bacterial strain isolated from. Biodegradation of high amounts of phenol, catechol, 2,4. Biodegradation, mixed cultures, phenol hydroxylase, pahs, pcrdgge. Effect of different growth conditions on the phenol biodegradation ability 2. The paper presents the main results obtained from the study of phenol biodegradation process by pure culture of microbacterium terregenes isolated from norm soil collected from oil field. Biodegradation of wastewater contaminants is varied and diverse. Phenol biodegradation by pseudomonas putida dsm 548 in a. Aerobic biodegradation of organic chemicals in environmental.
Respirometric studies confirmed that the enzymes involved in phenol catabolism were inducible and that the alga oxidized phenol. Biodegradation of phenol by native microorganisms isolated. Isolation and transcriptome analysis of phenoldegrading. Biodegradation of phenol by a filamentous fungi isolated. Biodegradation studies on phenolic compounds scientific. Nagar 388 120, india 2department of environmental science and. Moreover, tibetan4 could maintain efficient phenol degradation. Phenol biodegradation by halophilic archaea pdf free download.
In microbial degradation of phenol under aerobic conditions, the degradation is initiated by oxygenation in which the aromatic ring is initially monohydroxylated by a mono oxygenase phenol hydroxylase. Biodegradation of phenol using pure and mixed culture bacteria. Ecetoc biodegradation data base, excel file ecetoc, 2009. Pdf recent advances in the biodegradation of phenol. Phenol biodegradation by rhodococcus coprophilus isolated. The experiments are carried out at ambient temperature and near neutral ph for 100mgliter and 200mgliter phenol concentrations. Phenol has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry. This study investigated the anoxic degradation of phenol and other phenolic compounds by a defined mixed culture of alcaligenes faecalis and enterobacter species. Enhanced biodegradation of phenol in a novel cyclic activated sludge integrated with a rotating bed bioreactor in anoxic and peroxidasemediated conditions mojtaba pourakbar, a gholamreza moussavia and kamyar yaghmaeianbc cyclic activated sludge integrated witha rotating bedbioreactor casir was usedfor phenol biodegradation. Accepted 8 december, 2008 the use of microbial catalysts in the biodegradation of organic compounds has advanced significantly during the past three decades.
Xenobiotics are manmade chemical compounds that are very difficult to degrade. Phenol is both a manufactured chemical and a natural substance. Microorganisms capable of degrading phenol are common and include both aerobes and anaerobes. Src tr 99002 final report aerobic biodegradation of organic chemicals. By harnessing these natural forces of biodegradation, people can reduce wastes and clean up some types of environmental contaminants. Biodegradation of high amounts of phenol, catechol, 2,4dichlorophenol and 2,6dimethoxyphenol by aspergillus awamori cells ivanka stoilovaa, albert krastanova. Biodegradation of phenol by native microorganisms isolated from coke processing wastewater s.
Aromatic compounds are widely distributed in nature. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the kinetics of biodegradation by measuring biomass growth rates and phenol concentration as a function of time in a batch reactor. Biodegradation of phenolic compounds is one of the useful and highly effective methods to protect the global environment as phenol is the major. The maximum phenol biodegradation capacity of bacteria at ph and temperature is 7. Degradation of phenol via orthopathway by kocuria sp. Batch phenol biodegradation study and application of. Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobi lized cells of strain nbm11. A great number of studies have been conducted to as sess the biodegradation of phenol by microorganisms in cluding bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae in the context of environmental and water treatment chemistry michalowicz and duda, 2007. The halophilic consortia could survive and utilize phenol at higher salt concentrations 8% and 12% nacl. Journal of environmental sciences 192007 222225 biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized acinetobacter sp.
Pseudomonas solanacearum tcp114 could degrade only 2,4,6trichlorophenol. Nbm11 77 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Volk departments of biology and chemistry, cowley hall, university of wisconsinla crosse. Degradation kinetics and pathway of phenol by pseudomonas. Biodegradation of phenol in refinery wastewater by pure cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa ncib 950 and pseudomonas fluorescence ncib 3756. Howard environmental science center syracuse research corporation 6225 running ridge road north syracuse, ny 2122509 prepared.
Isbn 9789535111542, pdf isbn 9789535163503, published 20614. Most of those microorganisms were isolated from soils. The efficiency of microbial degradation of toxic pollutants decreases under highly saline conditions and therefore usage of halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms can enhance the degradation 8. Biodegradation of styrenebutadienestyrene coploymer via. Community analysis and recovery of phenoldegrading bacteria. Degradation of chicken feathers by aphanoascus keratinophilus and chrysosporium tropicum strains from pellets of predatory birds and its practical aspect open access. Results from a study of the phenol biodegradation coupled with chromium vi reduction suggested that the electron donors involved in the reduction of crvi were intermediate phenol degradation products. A rapid search of the biolog file of the environmental.
Optimization of phenol biodegradation the effects of the inoculum size on the rate of phenol degradation and biomass production were examined for cultures grown in the presence of 100 mg l 1 phenol. If biodegradation is sufficiently slow, phenol in sunlit water will undergo photooxidation with photochemically produced peroxyl radicals, and phenol in soil will leach to groundwater. Pdf introduction phenol is one of the most widely used in the organic compounds in existence and is a basic structural unit for a variety. Phenol, aniline and naphthalene are the chemicals with the highest number of data points entries, followed by a group of surfactants, i. Many aerobic phenoldegrading microorganisms have been isolated and the pathways for the aerobic degradation of phenol are now firmly established. Optimization of phenol biodegradation by efficient bacteria isolated. Pdf phenol and its derivatives are hazardous pollutants that are highly toxic even at low concentrations. Through composting, we accelerate natural biodegradation and convert organic wastes to a valuable resource. Aspergillus niger ncim 1025 and the bacterial culture was.
In both laboratory and field studies, the biodegradation of all the btex compounds has been shown under aerobic conditions tables 2 to 7. Phenol biodegradation by corynebacterium glutamicum encapsulated in electrospun fibers 165 of concern is the contamination of underground water aquifers by phenol, rendering the water unfit for drinking, irrigation or both. Williams st 1994 bergys manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th ed. Abstract phenol, or hydroxybenzene, is both a synthetically and naturally produced aromatic compound. Biodegradation default halflife values in the light of environmentally relevant biodegradation studies.
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